EPUB Accessibility Report

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Title: Surveillance and Control of Dengue Vectors in the United States and Territories

(EPUB 3.0)

Violations

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Summary of violations

Violation count, by ruleset and severity.
Critical Serious Moderate Minor Total
WCAG 2.0 A 00000
WCAG 2.0 AA 00000
WCAG 2.0 AAA 00000
WCAG 2.1 A 00000
WCAG 2.1 AA 00000
WCAG 2.1 AAA 00000
WCAG 2.2 A 00000
WCAG 2.2 AA 00000
WCAG 2.2 AAA 00000
EPUB 00000
Best Practice 00000
Other 00000
Total 00000

All violations

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Violations in the EPUB, with references to severity, guidelines and specific location of problem.
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Metadata

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All Metadata

Publication metadata.
Name Value
dc:title Surveillance and Control of Dengue Vectors in the United States and Territories
dc:creator Roberto Barrera
dc:subject Mosquito-borne Diseases;Dengue Virus;Vector-Borne Infections;Climate Change and Health;Disease Outbreaks;Public Health Epidemiology
dc:description 'Surveillance and Control of Dengue Vectors in the United States and Territories' offers a comprehensive exploration of the challenges and strategies involved in managing dengue vectors, particularly Aedes mosquitoes, in the US and its territories. With over 13 million dengue cases reported in the Americas in 2024 alone, this timely book synthesizes critical information on vector species, transmission cycles, and effective surveillance and control methods.  
 
Dr. Roberto Barrera, a seasoned expert in mosquito ecology and Vector-Borne diseases, presents evidence-based recommendations for public health officials, researchers, and community stakeholders.  
 
This essential guide not only addresses the complexities of dengue transmission but also emphasizes the importance of integrated vector management and community engagement in preventing outbreaks.  
 
Whether you are a public health professional, a student, or simply interested in vector ecology, this book serves as a vital resource for understanding and combating dengue in an ever-evolving landscape.
dc:date 2025-06-24T14:42:25Z
dc:language en-GB | en-US
dc:identifier urn:uuid:9c6f2d5d-c19c-433d-a8ae-26d4e655424f | 978-1-80511-630-1
generator Adobe InDesign 20.4
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ibooks:specified-fonts true
dcterms:modified 2025-07-02T14:26:50Z
schema:accessibilitySummary This publication conforms to WCAG 2.0 AA.
schema:accessMode textual | visual
schema:accessModeSufficient textual
schema:accessibilityFeature structuralNavigation | alternativeText
schema:accessibilityHazard none

Accessibility Metadata

The following accessibility metadata is present:

The following accessibility metadata is missing: .

Outlines

Go to: TOC Outline | Headings Outline

TOC Outline

  1. Cover
  2. Title page
  3. Copyright
  4. Dedication
  5. Contents
  6. About the Author
  7. Acknowledgements
  8. List of Illustrations and Tables
  9. Preface
  10. 1. Introduction
  11. 2. Dengue Vectors
  12. 3. Aedes Transmitted Virus (ATV) Cycles
  13. 4. Risk of ATVs in the US and Territories
  14. 5. Dengue Vector Surveillance
  15. 6. Dengue Vector Control
  16. 7. Dengue Vector Management in Dengue Outbreaks
  17. 8. Personal Protection Against Mosquito Bites and Recommendations for Improving Surveillance and Control
  18. References
  19. Index
  20. About the Team
  21. This book need not end here…
  22. You may also be interested in:
  23. Back cover

Headings Outline

  • Contents
  • About the Author
  • Acknowledgements
    • Disclaimer
  • List of Illustrations and Tables
  • Preface
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Dengue Vectors
    • 2.1. Vector species
    • 2.2. Identification
    • 2.3. Biology
      • 2.3.1. Eggs
      • 2.3.2. Larvae
      • 2.3.3. Pupae
      • 2.3.4. Adults
      • 2.4.5. Ecology
  • 3. Aedes Transmitted Virus (ATV) Cycles
    • 3.1. Enzootic cycles
    • 3.2. Urban cycle
  • 4. Risk of ATVs in the US and Territories
    • 4.1. Endemic/epidemic transmission via Aedes aegypti in the tropics (Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, and American Samoa)
    • 4.2. Non-endemic areas with an elevated risk of ATV emergence (Aedes aegypti/Aedes albopictus):Tropics/subtropics
    • 4.3. Non-endemic areas with a lower risk of Aedes albopictus transmission: Northern latitudes in the mainland
    • 4.4. Areas with no risk of ATVs
  • 5. Dengue Vector Surveillance
    • 5.1. Dengue vector surveillance techniques
    • 5.2. Pre-adult mosquito surveillance
      • 5.2.1. Larval surveys (Stegomyia indices)
        • 5.2.1.1. Single-larva surveys
        • 5.2.1.2. Immature surveys
        • 5.2.1.3. Threshold indicators for dengue transmission based onlarval surveys
      • 5.2.2. Pupal surveys
        • 5.2.2.1. Pupal demographic surveys
        • 5.2.2.2. Threshold indicators for dengue transmission based on pupal surveys and conditions for dengue transmission
    • 5.3. Adult mosquito surveillance
      • 5.3.1. Oviposition surveys
      • 5.3.2. Adult mosquito surveys
        • 5.3.2.1. Landing counts
        • 5.3.2.2. Mosquito aspirators
        • 5.3.2.3. Passive, gravid female mosquito traps
        • 5.3.2.4. Electro-mechanical traps
        • 5.3.2.5. Threshold indicators for dengue transmission based on adult mosquitoes and conditions for dengue transmission
    • 5.4. Dengue vector surveillance recommendations
    • 5.5. Virus surveillance in mosquitoes
  • 6. Dengue Vector Control
    • 6.1. Integrated, area-wide vector control vs focal control
    • 6.2. Elements of successful vector control
    • 6.3. Control of pre-adult mosquitoes
      • 6.3.1. Identification of productive containers and design of container-specific control measures
      • 6.3.2. Control measures against immature mosquitoes
        • 6.3.2.1. Environmental management
        • 6.3.2.2. Ovicides/Larvicides
        • 6.3.2.3. Biological control
      • 6.3.3. Evaluation of the effectiveness of pre-adultmosquito control
    • 6.4. Control of adult dengue vectors
      • 6.4.1. Chemical control
      • 6.4.2. Mosquito traps
        • Pull (attract/kill)
        • Push (repel) – pull (attract/kill)
        • Pull (attract/contaminate/infect) – push (fly away)
      • 6.4.3. Biological control of adult mosquitoes
      • 6.4.4. Insecticide resistance and management
  • 7. Dengue Vector Management in Dengue Outbreaks
    • 7.1. Non-endemic areas
      • 7.1.1. Vector control recommendations for non-endemic areas
    • 7.2. Endemic/epidemic areas
      • 7.2.1. Vector control recommendations forendemic/epidemic areas
        • 7.2.1.1. Prevention of epidemics
        • 7.2.1.2. Control of epidemics
    • 7.3. Key messages for the prevention of dengue
      • 7.3.1. Key messages for primary prevention
      • 7.3.2. Key messages for secondary prevention
  • 8. Personal Protection Against Mosquito Bites and Recommendations for Improving Surveillance and Control
    • 8.1. Surveillance and monitoring
    • 8.2. Vector control strategies
  • References
  • Index
  • About the Team
  • This book need not end here…
    • Share
    • Donate
    • We invite you to connect with us on our socials!
    • Read more at the Open Book Publishers Blog
  • You may also be interested in:
  • Contents
    • Landmarks

Images

Images in the EPUB, with their description
Image alt aria-describedby aria-details figcaption Location Role
Cover of Surveillance and Control of Dengue Vectors in the United States and Territories N/A N/A N/A cover.xhtml#epubcfi(/4/2/2) doc-cover
Open Book Publishers logo N/A N/A N/A title.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/2[Container002]/6/2) N/A
Creative Commons logo N/A N/A N/A copyright.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/2[Container007]/6/2/2[CC-logo]/2) N/A
Open Access logo N/A N/A N/A copyright.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/2[Container007]/6/4/2[CP-logo]/2) N/A
An image showing the main dengue vectors. The following information is included about Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito): Closely associated with people; Does not depend on the presence of vegetation indoor / outdoor (resting, biting, ovipositing); Urban/suburban/rural areas; Greater resistance to desiccation (eggs); Main dengue vector worldwide. The following information is included about Aedes albopictus (Asian treehole mosquito): Less dependent on people; Depends on tall vegetation; Outdoor mosquito; Suburban/rural areas; Main dengue vector in some areas / secondary vector; Greater cold hardiness; Better competitor in larval stage. There is a photo of an adult mosquito of each species biting a human. N/A N/A N/A ch2.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/2[Container020]/16/2[Container017]/2) N/A
An image showing the life cycle of dengue vectors for Aedes aegypti at four stages. Egg: Eggs are laid on the inner side of containers, right above the water-line - they need to dry out and complete embryogenesis (2-4 days); Eggs resist desiccation for months - an egg bank is the total number of eggs present in all containers that could potentially hatch after being flooded by rains or the addition of water by people (e.g., water storage, flowerpots, animal drinking pans, watering plants, etc.); Due to the absence of commercial ovicides, eggs are not currently a target for control. Larva: There are four instars (I - IV) or stages of development - the larva sheds its skin to grow to the next stage of development; Larvae feed on particulate organic matter and micro-organisms in the water - larval development usually takes one week at 27°C usually limited, so many larvae die before completing development; Larvae do not have resistance to desiccation - they are aquatic and breathe at the surface of the water through a syphon at the posterior end of their bodies. Pupa: A fourth instar larva molts into a pupa after completing its development; Pupae do not eat - it is a transitional stage where the final body of the adult mosquito forms during 1.5 - 3 days (metamorphosis) - an adult mosquito emerges from the pupal case; Like larvae, pupae breathe through trumpet-like siphons. Adult mosquito: Females need blood to develop eggs every 3-5 days; Females seek containers with water to lay their eggs; Males do not bite but suck nectar of flowers/fruits; Adult mosquitoes can live up several weeks in the field; Female mosquitoes may get dengue viruses in the blood meal - viruses replicate for 7-12 days, and the mosquito becomes infective and can transmit the virus the next time it bites. Each of these four stages is illustrated by a photo of Aedes aegypti at that stage. N/A N/A N/A ch2.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/2[Container020]/42/2[Container018]/2) N/A
A diagram showing interactions between the following ecological factors: aquatic habitats, housing, climate/weather, public services, mosquito eggs, larvae/pupae, other aquatic organisms, vector control, adult mosquitoes. N/A N/A N/A ch2.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/2[Container020]/68/2[Container019]/2) N/A
A diagram showing interactions between the following: Adult mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. Polynesiensis); Human movement (Local and international travel); ATVS (Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, Yellow fever); Humans (infected, susceptible, immune); Dead-end vertebrate hosts. N/A N/A N/A ch3.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/2[Container023]/22/2[Container022]/2) N/A
A colour-coded map showing the distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in US states and territories. Grey = not established, blue = presence reported, pink = most likely established, dots = cases reported. N/A N/A N/A ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/2[Container027]/34/2[Container025]/2) N/A
A curved line graph of confirmed dengue cases (y axis) plotted against months (x axis). N/A N/A N/A ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/2[Container027]/40/2[Container026]/2) N/A
An image with photos illustrating each of the following types of aquatic habitats of dengue vectors: Utensils (pails, tarps; paint trays); Water-storage containers (barrels, jars, tanks, cisterns); Discarded containers (tires, trash, junk); Animal drinking pans; Ornamental (fountains, plant pots); Recreational objects (plastic pools, toys, boats); Natural containers (treeholes, bromeliads); Open/broken septic tanks; Water meters / storm drains N/A N/A N/A ch5.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/2[Container032]/20/2[Container029]/2) N/A
Illustrations of the siphons of Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens larvae, with the pecten labelled in the former and the siphon (air tube) labelled in the latter. N/A N/A N/A ch5.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/2[Container032]/34/2[Container030]/2) N/A
An image with photos illustrating each of the following devices to sample dengue vector populations: Ovitraps; Electro-mechanical aspirators; CDC Autocidal gravid ovitrap (AGO trap); BG-Sentinel® trap. N/A N/A N/A ch5.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/2[Container032]/76/2[Container031]/2) N/A
A curved line graph with a solid line showing cases in 2010 and a dotted line showing the epidemic threshold, with dengue cases on the y axis and epidemiological week on the x axis. N/A N/A N/A ch7.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/2[Container037]/34/2[Container036]/2) N/A
Bluesky logo N/A N/A N/A donate.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/4[Container050]/2/4/4/2/2/2/2) N/A
Mastodon logo N/A N/A N/A donate.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/4[Container050]/2/4/4/2/4/2/2) N/A
LinkedIn logo N/A N/A N/A donate.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/4[Container050]/2/4/4/2/6/2/2) N/A
Featured book cover N/A N/A N/A further-reading.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/2[Container059]/4/4/2[Container052]/2) N/A
Featured book cover N/A N/A N/A further-reading.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/2[Container059]/6/4/2[Container054]/2) N/A
Featured book cover N/A N/A N/A further-reading.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/2[Container059]/8/4/2[Container056]/2) N/A
Featured book cover N/A N/A N/A further-reading.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Barrera_0472]/2[Container059]/10/4/2[Container058]/2) N/A
Back cover of Surveillance and Control of Dengue Vectors in the United States and Territories N/A N/A N/A back-cover.xhtml#epubcfi(/4/2/2) N/A