|
Cover: More with More by Floriana Cerniglia and Francesco Saraceno. Book cover with a close-up view of large white wind turbine blades set against a bright sky. Soft light and mist create a minimal, airy atmosphere. The title, “More with More: Investing in the Energy Transition”, appears in elegant serif text, with the editors’ names above. Cover image: A close up of a wind turbine. Photo by Kamran Abdullayev (2023), https://unsplash.com/photos/a-close-up-of-a-windturbine-with-a-sky-background-GpWz5_3Ac2w. Cover design: Jeevanjot Kaur Nagpal. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
cover.xhtml#epubcfi(/4/2/2) |
doc-cover |
|
Open Book Publishers logo |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
title.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container008]/8/2) |
N/A |
|
Creative Commons logo |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
copyright.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container008]/8/2/2[CC-logo]/2) |
N/A |
|
Open Access logo |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
copyright.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container008]/8/4/2[CP-logo]/2) |
N/A |
|
CRANEC con UC logo |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
copyright.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container008]/44[table001]/4/2/2/2/2[Container005]/2) |
N/A |
|
F2i SGR logo |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
copyright.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container008]/44[table001]/4/2/4/2/2[Container006]/2) |
N/A |
|
OFCE logo |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
copyright.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container008]/44[table001]/4/2/6/2/2[Container007]/2/2) |
N/A |
|
Two side-by-side line graphs showing the long term evolution of public investment and capital transfer, respectively, at current prices, for the EU and the three macro-regions of South-Eastern Europe, Central and Eastern Europe and Western and North Europe. Both graphs show a recent increase in capital investment, with the effect of capital transfers notably pronounced in the South-Eastern Europe. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/22/2[Container018]/2) |
N/A |
|
Two side-by-side tables report the shares of public investment and capital transfer financed through the Recovery and Resilience Facility from 2021 to 2024, for the EU and the three macro-regions of South-Eastern Europe, Central and Eastern Europe and Western and North Europe. Shares gradually increase, and notably so during the last two years in South-Eastern Europe, as well as Central and Eastern Europe. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/26/2[Container019]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/30/2/4/2/2[Container020]/2) |
N/A |
|
A bar chart and a line chart. The bar chart shows the amount of public investment and capital transfer in 2015 and 2023, for the total aggregate as well as two specific public investment classification in environmental protection and fuel and energy. Specific classifications display higher increases over time in capital transfers, though ultimately accounting for a small share of the total. The line chart plots the share of these two specific classifications in the total, which appears to be in relative and consistent decline between 2000 and 2015. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/46/2[Container021]/2) |
N/A |
|
A line chart showing a declining trend in an indicator from 2001 to 2023. The vertical axis ranges from 0.04 to 0.075, while the horizontal axis lists each year. The line fluctuates modestly in the early and mid-2000s, rises around 2007, then steadily declines from 2014 onwards with slight variations in the final years. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/48/2[Container022]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/52/2/4/2/2[Container023]/2) |
N/A |
|
A stacked bar chart showing each EU country’s project EU budget and total eligible expenditure in EUR billions, accompanied by orange points representing the co-financing rate on a secondary vertical axis. Larger bars appear for Poland, Spain, and Romania. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/60/2[Container024]/2) |
N/A |
|
A 100% stacked bar chart comparing the distribution of investment categories across EU countries. Categories include clean power infrastructures, transport, energy efficiency in public buildings, residential buildings, SMEs, and large firms, as well as an “other” category. Each country’s bar shows the proportional share of each investment type. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/62/2[Container025]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/68/2/4/2/2[Container026]/2) |
N/A |
|
A clustered bar and scatter chart showing EU member states’ investments in 2023, divided into public-owner-majority and private-owner-majority sectors, with yellow dots indicating 2023 investment as a share of total investments from 2020–2023. Values are displayed in EUR billions for each country, with notable variation across the EU. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/78/2[Container027]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/82/2/4/2/2[Container028]/2) |
N/A |
|
A combined bar and scatter chart displaying electricity interconnectivity levels across EU member states, separated into public and private categories. Purple bars indicate interconnectivity percentages, green bars represent private-sector values, and yellow dots show progress since 2020, with a dashed reference line marking the EU-wide 15% target. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/86/2[Container029]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/90/2/4/2/2[Container030]/2) |
N/A |
|
A stacked bar chart showing annual EU-level investments in energy-related technologies from 2014 to 2023. Categories include nuclear, energy efficiency, renewables, hydrogen and fuel cells, storage technologies and other cross-cutting research. The chart shows a gradual upward trend, with a clear increase after 2020. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/98/2[Container031]/2) |
N/A |
|
A smaller stacked bar chart depicting national-level public investments in similar energy technology categories from 2014 to 2023. Annual totals remain comparatively modest, with a visible peak in 2022. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/100/2[Container032]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/104/2/4/2/2[Container033]/2) |
N/A |
|
A horizontal bar chart comparing the number of permitting procedures across European countries. Poland and Romania have the highest numbers, followed by Germany and Italy, while several other countries display much lower counts. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/110/2[Container034]/2) |
N/A |
|
A 100% stacked bar chart illustrating the sectoral composition of permitting procedures in each European country. Sectors shown include electricity-related activities, gas or heat distribution, railway services, and urban transport services. Country-level distributions vary widely. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/112/2[Container035]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/116/2/4/2/2[Container036]/2) |
N/A |
|
A waterfall-style chart showing the current and projected investment needs as a percentage of GDP by sector, including transport, energy supply, buildings, industry and other categories. Current total investment sits at around 3.1% of GDP, rising to approximately 4.5% by 2030. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/128[table005]/4/2/2/2/2[Container037]/2) |
N/A |
|
A bar and scatter chart showing public investment levels until 2030 for selected EU countries, with indications of EU funds referenced in national plans. Purple bars represent public investments, green bars represent EU funds, and yellow dots show public investment as a share of total spending. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/128[table005]/4/2/4/2/2[Container038]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch1.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container040]/132/2/4/2/2[Container039]/2) |
N/A |
|
"Two pie charts comparing the global energy supply mix between 2019 and 2024: 2019: Coal (28.7%), Oil (42%), Natural Gas (15.2%), Nuclear (11.2%), Renewables & Waste (3%). 2024: Coal (27.2%), Oil (43.9%), Natural Gas (12.1%), Nuclear (14.4%), Renewables & Waste (2.5%). Total energy supply decreased by 8.7% since 2019. Colors: gray (coal), blue (oil), pink (gas), green (nuclear), light gray (renewables/waste)." |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch2.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container056]/18/2[Container043]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch2.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container056]/22/2/4/2/2[Container044]/2) |
N/A |
|
"Area and line graph showing public investment as a percentage of GDP (1949–2024), broken down by administrative category: Local (dark blue), State (medium blue), and Social Security (green). The dashed black line represents the average public investment by period, peaking around 1968 (~6% of GDP) and declining thereafter, stabilizing near 4% post-2000. Social Security investment surged in the 1960s–70s but declined sharply by the 1990s, fluctuating around 1–2% afterward. State and Local investments grew steadily until the 1970s, then plateaued (~2–2.5% for Local, ~1.5–2% for State). Overall trend: Public investment rose sharply mid-20th century, then gradually declined, with temporary rebounds (e.g., 2009)." |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch2.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container056]/34/2[Container045]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch2.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container056]/42/2[Container046]/2) |
N/A |
|
"Stacked area chart depicting public investment in various sectors as a percentage of GDP from 1979 to 2023. Categories include Civil Engineering Works (dark blue), Non-Residential Buildings (medium blue), Housing (lighter blue), Machines and Equipment (light blue), Intellectual Property Rights (very light blue), and Weapon Systems (lightest blue). Civil Engineering Works dominate the chart, peaking around 1.8% of GDP in the early 1990s and showing fluctuations thereafter. Housing and Non-Residential Buildings maintain relatively steady contributions, each generally below 0.6% of GDP. Machines and Equipment and Intellectual Property Rights show moderate fluctuations, with occasional peaks. Weapon Systems have the smallest share, consistently below 0.2% of GDP. Overall trend: A significant peak in total public investment in the early 1990s, followed by a decline and smaller fluctuations, with a notable dip around 2013." |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch2.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container056]/50/2[Container047]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch2.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container056]/54/2/4/2/2[Container048]/2) |
N/A |
|
"Bar and line chart illustrating financial and non-financial assets, debt, and net wealth from 1978 to 2024. Gross financial debt (red) consistently negative, showing an increasing trend in debt levels over time. Net financial debt (orange) also negative, but less so than gross financial debt. Non-financial assets (blue) consistently positive, increasing over time and peaking around 100+ units in recent years. Lines: Net wealth (black line) shows fluctuations, peaking around the early 2000s and 2010, followed by a decline and slight recovery towards 2024. Maastricht public debt (gray line) displays a downward trend from around -20 in 1978 to approximately -140 by 2024. Trends: Non-financial assets have steadily increased, indicating growth in tangible assets. Both gross and net financial debt have worsened over time, reflecting increasing liabilities. Net wealth shows periods of increase and decrease, influenced by the balance between assets and debts." |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch2.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container056]/64/2[Container049]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch2.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container056]/68/2/4/2/2[Container050]/2) |
N/A |
|
"Scatter plot chart showing territorial CO₂ emissions per capita (in tCO₂eq/capita) for EU countries in 1990, 2022 and 2030 fit for 55 targets , ranked by 2022 emission levels. A green shaded area represents the net-zero range (0 to 1.5 tCO₂eq/capita). Key observations: In 1990, EU average emissions were 11.8 tCO₂eq/inhabitant; by 2022, this dropped to 7.8 tCO₂eq/inhabitant. The 2030 target is 4.62 tCO₂eq/inhabitant, with most countries still above this threshold in 2022. Sweden, Malta, and Latvia had the lowest 2022 emissions, while Estonia, Ireland, and Poland had the highest." |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch2.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container056]/74/2[Container051]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch2.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container056]/78/2/4/2/2[Container052]/2) |
N/A |
|
Charts comparing renewable energy production capacity (in gigawatts, GW) across six European regions—France, Germany, Italy, Poland, the rest of the EU, and Spain—from 2000 to 2025. Each chart illustrates the evolution of different renewable energy sources: wind (light green), solar (yellow), hydropower (excluding pumped storage, in blue), bioenergy (dark green), geothermal (orange), and marine energy (black). France: Gradual growth in wind and solar, with a recent sharp increase in solar capacity. Germany: Significant growth in wind and solar, with a notable surge in solar after 2020. Italy: A marked increase in solar around 2010–2015, followed by stabilization and recent growth.Poland: Late but rapid growth in solar after 2020, while other sources remain stable. Rest of the EU: Steady progress in wind and solar, with a recent surge in solar capacity. Spain: Moderate growth in wind and solar, with a recent acceleration in solar. Charts comparing renewable energy production capacity (in gigawatts, GW) across six European regions—France, Germany, Italy, Poland, the rest of the EU, and Spain—from 2000 to 2025. Each chart illustrates the evolution of different renewable energy sources: wind (light green), solar (yellow), hydropower (excluding pumped storage, in blue), bioenergy (dark green), geothermal (orange), and marine energy (black). France: Gradual growth in wind and solar, with a recent sharp increase in solar capacity. Germany: Significant growth in wind and solar, with a notable surge in solar after 2020. Italy: A marked increase in solar around 2010–2015, followed by stabilization and recent growth. Poland: Late but rapid growth in solar after 2020, while other sources remain stable. Rest of the EU: Steady progress in wind and solar, with a recent surge in solar capacity. Spain: Moderate growth in wind and solar, with a recent acceleration in solar. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch2.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container056]/88/2[Container053]/2) |
N/A |
|
Charts comparing renewable energy production capacity (in gigawatts, GW) across six European regions—France, Germany, Italy, Poland, the rest of the EU, and Spain—from 2000 to 2025. Each chart illustrates the evolution of different renewable energy sources: wind (light green), solar (yellow), hydropower (excluding pumped storage, in blue), bioenergy (dark green), geothermal (orange), and marine energy (black). France: Gradual growth in wind and solar, with a recent sharp increase in solar capacity. Germany: Significant growth in wind and solar, with a notable surge in solar after 2020. Italy: A marked increase in solar around 2010–2015, followed by stabilization and recent growth.Poland: Late but rapid growth in solar after 2020, while other sources remain stable. Rest of the EU: Steady progress in wind and solar, with a recent surge in solar capacity. Spain: Moderate growth in wind and solar, with a recent acceleration in solar. Charts comparing renewable energy production capacity (in gigawatts, GW) across six European regions—France, Germany, Italy, Poland, the rest of the EU, and Spain—from 2000 to 2025. Each chart illustrates the evolution of different renewable energy sources: wind (light green), solar (yellow), hydropower (excluding pumped storage, in blue), bioenergy (dark green), geothermal (orange), and marine energy (black). France: Gradual growth in wind and solar, with a recent sharp increase in solar capacity. Germany: Significant growth in wind and solar, with a notable surge in solar after 2020. Italy: A marked increase in solar around 2010–2015, followed by stabilization and recent growth. Poland: Late but rapid growth in solar after 2020, while other sources remain stable. Rest of the EU: Steady progress in wind and solar, with a recent surge in solar capacity. Spain: Moderate growth in wind and solar, with a recent acceleration in solar. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch2.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container056]/92/2[Container054]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch2.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container056]/96/2/4/2/2[Container055]/2) |
N/A |
|
Installed capacity (in Gigawatt). The figure shows the installed capacity of the various electricity sources that feed into the public grid. Source: Fraunhofer ISE (2025a). |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch3.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container065]/22/2[Container058]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch3.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container065]/26/2/4/2/2[Container059]/2) |
N/A |
|
Share of renewables in public net electricity production (in percent). The figure shows the share of the respective electricity source in the total public net electricity generation. Privately generated electricity for own consumption is not shown. Source: Fraunhofer ISE (2025b). |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch3.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container065]/32/2[Container060]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch3.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container065]/36/2/4/2/2[Container061]/2) |
N/A |
|
Financial support for renewable electricity (in billion euros). The figure depicts the public funding of renewable energy support schemes with the help of the levy on consumers and, later on, the federal budget. Values are noted in prices of 2024. Source: Statistisches Bundesamt (2025) and own calculations. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch3.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container065]/46/2[Container062]/2) |
N/A |
|
Actual and planned grid investments (in billion euros). The figure shows the investments in the transmission and distribution grid. The gray bars show the in-vestments up to 2024. The green bars show the planned expansion investments for a carbon-neutral grid. The figure has been updated and recalculated in prices of 2024. Source: Bauermann, Kaczmarczyk und Krebs (2024). |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch3.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container065]/76/2[Container063]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch3.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container065]/82/2/4/2/2[Container064]/2) |
N/A |
|
Line chart showing capital expenditure and public investment as a share of GDP from 2015 to 2027. The horizontal axis shows calendar years from 2015 to 2027. The vertical axis shows values from 0 to 14 per cent. One line represents capital expenditure as a percentage of GDP and the other line represents public investment as a percentage of GDP. Both series move within the 0–14 per cent range over time, allowing comparison of the relative level and evolution of capital expenditure and public investment across the forecast period. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/32/2[Container067]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/36/2/4/2/2[Container068]/2) |
N/A |
|
Dual‑axis line chart comparing Italy (labelled IT) with the EU average for an indicator reported both in tonnes per capita and as an index with base year 1990. The horizontal axis shows years from 1990 to 2023. The left vertical axis runs from 0 to 120 and corresponds to the index (1990 = 100). The right vertical axis runs from 0 to 14 and corresponds to tonnes per capita. Two lines show Italy and the EU average in tonnes per capita, and two additional lines show Italy and the EU average as index values. The figure illustrates how Italy’s level and trend compare with the EU average over the 1990–2023 period in both absolute (tonnes per capita) and relative (index) terms. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/68/2[Container069]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/74/2/4/2/2[Container070]/2) |
N/A |
|
Line chart showing the evolution of an index (1990 = 100) between 1990 and 2020, together with two fitted trend lines for different sub‑periods. The horizontal axis shows years from 1990 to 2020 at roughly five‑year intervals. The vertical axis runs from 40 to 120, labelled as an index with 100 equal to the 1990 level. One solid line shows the actual evolution of the index over time. A second line shows the trend estimated for the 2007–2014 period, and a third line shows the trend estimated for the 2014–2021 period. The chart is designed to highlight how the actual path compares with these two different trend trajectories relative to the 1990 baseline. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/76/2[Container071]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/80/2/4/2/2[Container072]/2) |
N/A |
|
Multi‑series chart showing an Italian (IT) aggregate by economic sector from 2008 to 2023. The horizontal axis shows years from 2008 to 2023. The vertical axis ranges from 0 to 500,000 in unspecified units. Separate series are reported for IT agriculture, IT mining, IT manufacturing, IT energy, IT transportation, IT public administration/defence and IT other sectors. The figure allows comparison of the relative level and trend of the indicator across sectors over time, as well as the overall shift in the sectoral composition between 2008 and 2023. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/86/2[Container073]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/90/2/4/2/2[Container074]/2) |
N/A |
|
A pie chart illustrating the percentage share of different renewable energy sources. The largest share, 35%, is represented by Hydro (dark blue). This is followed by Solar at 26% (orange) and Wind at 21% (dark green). Biomass accounts for 14% (light blue), and Geothermal makes up the remaining 5% (purple). |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/96/2[Container075]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/100/2/4/2/2[Container076]/2) |
N/A |
|
A stacked bar chart titled ‘Italy’ showing the total employed population by economic sector for Italy from 2008 to 2023. Each bar represents a year, and the stack segments show the contribution of different sectors to the total, with values on the vertical axis ranging from approximately -20,000 to 480,000. The key sectors shown (bottom to top in the stack) are: Agriculture, Mining, Manufacturing, Energy, Transportation, Public Administration/Defense, and Other Sectors. The chart generally shows a slow decrease in total employment over the period, with Manufacturing (dark green) and Public Administration/Defense (light blue) being consistently large contributors, while sectors like Manufacturing and Other Sectors (black) appear to contract over time. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/104/2[Container077]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/108/2/4/2/2[Container078]/2) |
N/A |
|
A choropleth map of Italy showing the Number of Installed Photovoltaic Systems by region, based on data from 2023. The data is represented by a color gradient where darker shades of blue indicate a higher number of installed systems (up to 264,823) and lighter shades indicate a lower number. The map clearly shows that the regions in Northern Italy (particularly Lombardy, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna) have the highest concentration of installed systems |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/112/2[Container079]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/118/2[Container080]/2) |
N/A |
|
A choropleth map of Italy showing the Average Solar Irradiance by region. The data is represented by a color gradient ranging from lighter to darker shades of brown/red, with the scale indicating values between 1,236 and 1,685. The map clearly illustrates that the Southern regions and the islands (Sicily and Sardinia) have the highest average solar irradiance (darkest color), while the Northern regions have the lowest (lightest color) |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/120/2[Container081]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/126/2/4/2/2[Container082]/2) |
N/A |
|
Bar chart comparing multiple energy‑related sectors—residential, tertiary, industry, district heating (distribution only), transport (vehicles only), electricity sector (generating installations), electricity system (networks), storage systems (batteries and pumping), and electrolysers—on a common scale from 0 to 70. Each bar represents the relative size or capacity associated with the respective sector, enabling comparison of their contribution or investment levels. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/152/2[Container083]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/156/2/4/2/2[Container084]/2) |
N/A |
|
Bar chart displaying investment gaps in renewable energy sources and electricity generation. Categories include bioenergy, hydropower, geothermal energy, photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, onshore wind, offshore wind, and fossils. Values range from 0 to 25, allowing comparison of the relative investment shortfalls across the listed technologies. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/158/2[Container085]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch4.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container087]/164/2/4/2/2[Container086]/2) |
N/A |
|
Bar chart illustrating the composition of electricity generation in 2019 across various sources: hydraulic, wind, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, other renewables, gas (combined cycles), fuel and gas, carbon, nuclear, cogeneration, and others. Each bar shows its contribution, with values ranging from approximately 0.3 to 34.2, highlighting the relative mix of energy sources. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch5.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container098]/18/2[Container089]/2) |
N/A |
|
Bar chart showing the updated composition of electricity generation in 2024. Categories include hydraulic, wind, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, other renewables, gas (combined cycles), fuel and gas, carbon, nuclear, cogeneration, and others. Values range from approximately 0.5 to 56.8, illustrating changes in the energy mix compared with 2019. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch5.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container098]/22/2[Container090]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch5.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container098]/26/2/4/2/2[Container091]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch5.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container098]/66/2/4/2/2[Container092]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch5.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container098]/84/2/4/2/2[Container093]/2) |
N/A |
|
Line chart showing annual percentage change from 2008 to 2024. The vertical axis ranges from –20% to +50%. The line traces year‑on‑year variation across this period, highlighting periods of decline, stability, and sharp increase. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch5.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container098]/128/2[Container094]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch5.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container098]/132/2/4/2/2[Container095]/2) |
N/A |
|
Line chart showing annual percentage change from 2008 to 2024, with values ranging from –30% to +40%. The chart emphasises fluctuations across the years, allowing comparison of negative and positive growth periods. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch5.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container098]/134/2[Container096]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch5.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container098]/140/2/4/2/2[Container097]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch6.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container104]/42/2/4/2/2[Container100]/2) |
N/A |
|
Stacked bar chart showing the breakdown of Energy Transition Investment Needs across three major economic blocs: China, the USA, and IT+DE+FR (Italy, Germany, and France). The Y-axis represents the investment amount (units not specified, likely billions or similar large unit). The total investment is lowest for China (approx. 280), intermediate for the USA (approx. 600), and highest for IT+DE+FR (approx. 780). The key components of the investment, from bottom to top, include Energy affordability (large red component in IT+DE+FR), Energy efficient Buildings/Industry, Low-Carbon electricity (large light blue component in China and USA), Fuels + Technology innovation, Low-Carbon and efficient transport, Just transition, and Electricity networks (small dark blue component at the top of USA and IT+DE+FR). |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch6.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container104]/50/2[Container101]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch6.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container104]/54/2/4/2/2[Container102]/2) |
N/A |
|
Diagram showing the overlapping of the Rodrik and Climate Trilemmas. The diagram features six colored nodes and arrows illustrating their relationships. The blue nodes are Global poverty and Middle class adv. economies. The red nodes are Competitiveness and Middle class adv. economies (shared with blue). The green nodes are Decarbonization and Climate change. The purple node is Energy security. Arrows indicate complex, often conflicting, relationships and trade-offs between global poverty, middle-class advancement, competitiveness, energy security, climate change, and decarbonization |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch6.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container104]/76/2[Container103]/2) |
N/A |
|
The picture shows the number of clean tech manufacturing facilities by technology group (batteries, heath pumps, solar, wind) and their location across EU countries. Source: Bruegel https://www.bruegel.org/dataset/european-clean-tech-tracker |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch10.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container117]/42/2[Container112]/2) |
N/A |
|
The picture shows the size (in million/€) and the state of implementation of new investments in selected clean tech industries (solar, zero emission vehicles, batteries) in 2019-2024 and their location across EU countries. Source: Bruegel https://www.bruegel.org/dataset/european-clean-tech-tracker |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch10.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container117]/52/2[Container113]/2) |
N/A |
|
The figure shows the major suppliers of critical raw materials to the EU (2023) and their quality of governance according to the World Governance Indicators. Source: JRC - https://rmis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/eu-critical-raw-materials |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch10.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container117]/74/2[Container114]/2) |
N/A |
|
The figure shows the 'strategic projects' on critical raw materials approved by the European Commission with the call 2024, their type and location across EU countries. Source: https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/sectors/raw-materials/areas-specific-interest/critical-raw-materials/strategic-projects-under-crma/selected-projects_en |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch10.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container117]/110/2[Container115]/2) |
N/A |
|
The figure shows the 'strategic projects' on critical raw materials in countries outside the EU approved by the European Commission with the call 2024, their types and location. Source: https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/sectors/raw-materials/areas-specific-interest/critical-raw-materials/strategic-projects-under-crma/selected-projects_en |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch10.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container117]/128/2[Container116]/2) |
N/A |
|
Map of Austria, subdivided into its municipalities and, in the case of Vienna, its city districts. Each of these subdivisions is coloured in one of four colours, which represent the regional differentiation in the size of the Austrian Klimabonus. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch13.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container124]/68/2[Container123]/2) |
N/A |
|
Bar chart showing share of population unable to keep their home warm, for total population and for those at risk of poverty for "European Union" and various European countries. The blue bars represent "total" and the orange bars represent "below 60% of median income." The values for both are on a vertical axis ranging from 0 to 50. The European Union average is approximately 10 (total) and 20 (below 60% of median income). Countries with the highest proportion below 60% of median income are Greece, Latvia, and Bulgaria, all with values around 40. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch14.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container134]/86/2[Container126]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch14.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container134]/92/2/4/2/2[Container127]/2) |
N/A |
|
Bar chart comparing Electricity price for households and for energy-intensive industries for various European countries on a vertical axis from 0 to 50. The blue bars represent "households" and the orange bars represent "energy intensive industries." The data likely shows the share of consumption or expenditure. The "households" share is consistently higher than "energy intensive industries" in most countries. The countries with the highest household share are Germany, Belgium, Denmark, and Estonia, all with values around 40-45. Malta and the Netherlands show the highest share for "energy intensive industries," both around 32. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch14.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container134]/110/2[Container128]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch14.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container134]/116/2/4/2/2[Container129]/2) |
N/A |
|
Stacked bar chart showing a breakdown of two funding sources, RRF (Recovery and Resilience Facility, in blue) and MFF (Multiannual Financial Framework, in orange), for various European countries. The countries are ordered along the horizontal axis, and the vertical axis ranges from 0 to 4000. Poland, Germany, Romania, and Czechia receive the highest total amounts, with Poland’s total reaching approximately 3500. For most countries, RRF (blue) makes up the larger portion of the total funding. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch14.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container134]/144/2[Container130]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch14.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container134]/148/2/4/2/2[Container131]/2) |
N/A |
|
Grouped bar chart displaying Just Transition Fund allocations by policy category—Economic (blue), Environmental (orange), and Social (green)—for seven countries or regions (BG, CZ, EE, HU, LV, PL, RO, SK). The vertical axis ranges from 0 to 80. The dominant category varies significantly by country. The Economic category is highest in Romania (RO) and Estonia (EE), both over 65. The Environmental category is highest in Bulgaria (BG) and Latvia (LV), both at 60. The Social category is generally the lowest across all countries shown, with Czechia (CZ) having the highest value for this category, at 30. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch14.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container134]/152/2[Container132]/2) |
N/A |
|
QR code link to online data |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
ch14.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container134]/158/2/4/2/2[Container133]/2) |
N/A |
|
Bluesky logo |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
donate.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container141]/16/4/2/2/2) |
N/A |
|
Mastodon logo |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
donate.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container141]/16/4/4/2/2) |
N/A |
|
LinkedIn logo |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
donate.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container141]/16/4/6/2/2) |
N/A |
|
Instagram logo |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
donate.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container141]/16/4/8/2/2) |
N/A |
|
Featured book cover |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
further-reading.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container150]/4/4/2[Container143]/2) |
N/A |
|
Featured book cover |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
further-reading.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container150]/6/4/2[Container145]/2) |
N/A |
|
Featured book cover |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
further-reading.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container150]/8/4/2[Container147]/2) |
N/A |
|
Featured book cover |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
further-reading.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Saraceno_0499-2]/2[Container150]/10/4/2[Container149]/2) |
N/A |
|
Back cover: More with More by Floriana Cerniglia and Francesco Saraceno. |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
back-cover.xhtml#epubcfi(/4/2/2) |
N/A |