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Title: Music, Religion and Politics at Worcester Cathedral, 680–1950

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dc:title Music, Religion and Politics at Worcester Cathedral, 680–1950
dc:creator Richard Newsholme
dc:subject Worcester Cathedral;British Church History;British polyphony;Music history;Lady Chapel choirs;monastic ritual;liturgy and architecture;cathedral choirs;cathedral priories
dc:description This book provides a comprehensive history of music and liturgy at Worcester Cathedral, from its foundation in the seventh century to the mid-20th century. The author delves into how political shifts, public opinion, and national trends have influenced changes in the cathedral's practices over time, while also highlighting the distinct local dynamics at play. 
 
The book captures the fluctuating significance of liturgy and music across different eras, from the strict, ritualistic practices of Benedictine monks to the rejection of ceremonial traditions by Interregnum Non-Conformists. It traces how the form of worship evolved in response to the beliefs of church leaders, leading to periods of decline and revival in the cathedral’s musical standards. Notably, the study explores Worcester’s role in the development of British polyphony up to the 14th century and the comforting role of the choir during World War I. 
 
With a wealth of surviving Anglo-Saxon charters, medieval liturgical manuscripts, and unique polyphonic fragments, this volume offers rare insights into centuries-old practices. While it focuses on Worcester, the study reflects broader trends in English cathedral history, providing a vital resource for understanding the interplay of music, religion, and politics in the evolution of worship.
dc:date 2025-03-10T16:53:42Z
dc:rights ©2025 Richard Newsholme, CC BY-NC 4.0
dc:language en-GB
dc:identifier urn:uuid:43359a57-8653-45dd-9df8-d35e74a1fc22 | 978-1-80511-456-7
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dcterms:modified 2025-03-11T12:16:48Z
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Outlines

Go to: TOC Outline | Headings Outline | HTML Outline

TOC Outline

  1. Cover
  2. Title page
  3. Copyright
  4. Contents
  5. Acknowledgements
  6. List of Illustrations
  7. Preface
  8. 1. The Music and Liturgy of the Medieval Mass and Office (680–1540)
  9. 2. Early Polyphony and the Worcester Lady Chapel Choir (c.1250–1540)
  10. 3. The Reformation and Changes under Four Tudor Monarchs (1520–1600)
  11. 4. Thomas Tomkins and the Earlier Seventeenth Century (1596–1646)
  12. 5. The Interregnum and Managing the Aftermath of Civil War (1646–60)
  13. 6. The Restoration of the Monarchy and Reinstating the Anglican Church (1660–1700)
  14. 7. A New Prosperity and More Settled Cathedral Liturgy (1700–40)
  15. 8. A Mixed Century: The Later Georgian Period (1740–1840)
  16. 9. Queen Victoria’s Reign: Changes after the Cathedrals Act of 1840 (1840–1900)
  17. 10. The Earlier Twentieth Century and Two World Wars (1900–50)
  18. Postscript
  19. Abbreviations
  20. Bibliography
  21. Index
  22. About the team
  23. This book need not end here…
  24. You may also be interested in:
  25. Back cover

Headings Outline

  • Contents
  • Acknowledgements
  • List of Illustrations
    • Figures
    • Tables
  • Preface
  • 1. The Music and Liturgy of the Medieval Mass and Office (680–1540)
    • St Peter’s Cathedral and the Secular Liturgy
    • The Birth of the Priory
    • The Little Office of the Virgin
    • Performing the Liturgy in the Anglo-Saxon, Romanesque, and Gothic Cathedrals
    • Use of Bells
    • Dominical tabulae
    • Embellishments of the Chant at Worcester
    • Medieval Monastic Ceremonial at Worcester
      • Tenebrae
      • The Two-Part Rite of Public Penance
      • The Easter Sepulchre Rite
      • Procession on Palm Sunday
      • St Wulfstan’s Procession
  • 2. Early Polyphony and the Worcester Lady Chapel Choir (c.1250–1540)
    • Elaborating the Liturgy with Polyphony
    • The Lady Chapel Choir
      • The Site of the Nave Lady Chapel
      • The Lady Chapel Choir from Its Foundation to the 1480s
      • Re-Founding the Chapel and Choir by Bishop John Alcock
    • Mass and Antiphon of the Name of Jesus
    • The Marian Salve Service
    • Carols between Christmas and Epiphany
    • Organs in the Priory
  • 3. The Reformation and Changes under Four Tudor Monarchs (1520–1600)
    • King Henry VIII
    • King Edward VI
    • Queen Mary
    • Queen Elizabeth I
    • The Choir and the First Masters of Choristers
    • New Services at the West End of the Cathedral
  • 4. Thomas Tomkins and the Earlier Seventeenth Century (1596–1646)
    • Tomkins’ Choir
    • The Routine of Services
    • A Secular Performance
    • Alterations to Furnishings and Fabric in the 1630s
    • An Organ by Thomas Dallam
    • Tomkins’ Absence in London
    • Renewal of the Cathedral Choir
    • A Developing Crisis
    • Civil War
  • 5. The Interregnum and Managing the Aftermath of Civil War (1646–60)
    • The Plight of Expelled Cathedral Staff
    • Selective Poaching of Lead
    • Raising Money
    • Trouble in the City
    • Moving towards a New Civil War
    • Cathedral Services
    • Interruptions by the Quakers
    • Richard Baxter
    • Cromwell’s Death and the Events that Followed
  • 6. The Restoration of the Monarchy and Reinstating the Anglican Church (1660–1700)
    • New Music
    • Repairing the Quire and Sanctuary
    • Early Steps with the Choir
    • A New Prayer Book
    • A New Service Scheme
    • Installing a New Organ
    • The Choir and Its Music
    • New Choir Music in the 1680s
    • Finding a Replacement for Richard Davis
    • Updating the Organ
    • Anxiety at a Growing Catholic Threat
    • The Non-Jurors and the Men Who Replaced Them
  • 7. A New Prosperity and More Settled Cathedral Liturgy (1700–40)
    • Occasional Conformity
    • The Choir
    • The Congregation
    • Cathedral Services and Liturgy
    • The Quire Furnishings and the Fabric
    • The Choir and Its Management
    • The Jacobites
  • 8. A Mixed Century: The Later Georgian Period (1740–1840)
    • Chanting the Liturgy
    • Men Serving as Organist and Master of Choristers
    • Changes in Performance of the Liturgy
    • Paving the Floor
    • The Organ
    • Choir Repertoire
    • Chants
    • Music for Holy Communion
    • Radical Rebuilding of the Organ—Twice
    • The Failing Choir and Its Causes
  • 9. Queen Victoria’s Reign: Changes after the Cathedrals Act of 1840 (1840–1900)
    • The Victorian Cathedral Restoration
    • New Initiatives Following the Victorian Restoration
    • Ritualist Controversies
    • Bach’s Passion Music
    • Educating the Choristers
    • Choir Repertoire
    • Hugh Blair
      • The Robert Hope-Jones Organ
    • Hugh Blair’s Resignation
  • 10. The Earlier Twentieth Century and Two World Wars (1900–50)
    • The First World War
    • Developments between the Wars
    • The Second World War
    • The Late 1940s
  • Postscript
  • Abbreviations
  • Bibliography
  • Index
  • Contents
    • Landmarks

HTML Outline

    1. Untitled BODY
    1. Untitled BODY
    1. Untitled BODY
    1. Untitled BODY
    1. Contents
    1. Acknowledgements
      1. Untitled SECTION
    1. List of Illustrations
      1. Figures
      2. Tables
    1. Preface
      1. Untitled SECTION
    1. 1. The Music and Liturgy of the Medieval Mass and Office (680–1540)
      1. St Peter’s Cathedral and the Secular Liturgy
      2. The Birth of the Priory
      3. The Little Office of the Virgin
      4. Performing the Liturgy in the Anglo-Saxon, Romanesque, and Gothic Cathedrals
      5. Use of Bells
      6. Dominical tabulae
      7. Embellishments of the Chant at Worcester
      8. Medieval Monastic Ceremonial at Worcester
        1. Tenebrae
        2. The Two-Part Rite of Public Penance
        3. The Easter Sepulchre Rite
        4. Procession on Palm Sunday
        5. St Wulfstan’s Procession
      9. Untitled SECTION
    1. 2. Early Polyphony and the Worcester Lady Chapel Choir (c.1250–1540)
      1. Elaborating the Liturgy with Polyphony
      2. The Lady Chapel Choir
        1. The Site of the Nave Lady Chapel
        2. The Lady Chapel Choir from Its Foundation to the 1480s
        3. Re-Founding the Chapel and Choir by Bishop John Alcock
      3. Mass and Antiphon of the Name of Jesus
      4. The Marian Salve Service
      5. Carols between Christmas and Epiphany
      6. Organs in the Priory
      7. Untitled SECTION
    1. 3. The Reformation and Changes under Four Tudor Monarchs (1520–1600)
      1. King Henry VIII
      2. King Edward VI
      3. Queen Mary
      4. Queen Elizabeth I
      5. The Choir and the First Masters of Choristers
      6. New Services at the West End of the Cathedral
      7. Untitled SECTION
    1. 4. Thomas Tomkins and the Earlier Seventeenth Century (1596–1646)
      1. Tomkins’ Choir
      2. The Routine of Services
      3. A Secular Performance
      4. Alterations to Furnishings and Fabric in the 1630s
      5. An Organ by Thomas Dallam
      6. Tomkins’ Absence in London
      7. Renewal of the Cathedral Choir
      8. A Developing Crisis
      9. Civil War
      10. Untitled SECTION
    1. 5. The Interregnum and Managing the Aftermath of Civil War (1646–60)
      1. The Plight of Expelled Cathedral Staff
      2. Selective Poaching of Lead
      3. Raising Money
      4. Trouble in the City
      5. Moving towards a New Civil War
      6. Cathedral Services
      7. Interruptions by the Quakers
      8. Richard Baxter
      9. Cromwell’s Death and the Events that Followed
      10. Untitled SECTION
    1. 6. The Restoration of the Monarchy and Reinstating the Anglican Church (1660–1700)
      1. New Music
      2. Repairing the Quire and Sanctuary
      3. Early Steps with the Choir
      4. A New Prayer Book
      5. A New Service Scheme
      6. Installing a New Organ
      7. The Choir and Its Music
      8. New Choir Music in the 1680s
      9. Finding a Replacement for Richard Davis
      10. Updating the Organ
      11. Anxiety at a Growing Catholic Threat
      12. The Non-Jurors and the Men Who Replaced Them
      13. Untitled SECTION
    1. 7. A New Prosperity and More Settled Cathedral Liturgy (1700–40)
      1. Occasional Conformity
      2. The Choir
      3. The Congregation
      4. Cathedral Services and Liturgy
      5. The Quire Furnishings and the Fabric
      6. The Choir and Its Management
      7. The Jacobites
      8. Untitled SECTION
    1. 8. A Mixed Century: The Later Georgian Period (1740–1840)
      1. Chanting the Liturgy
      2. Men Serving as Organist and Master of Choristers
      3. Changes in Performance of the Liturgy
      4. Paving the Floor
      5. The Organ
      6. Choir Repertoire
      7. Chants
      8. Music for Holy Communion
      9. Radical Rebuilding of the Organ—Twice
      10. The Failing Choir and Its Causes
      11. Untitled SECTION
    1. 9. Queen Victoria’s Reign: Changes after the Cathedrals Act of 1840 (1840–1900)
      1. The Victorian Cathedral Restoration
      2. New Initiatives Following the Victorian Restoration
      3. Ritualist Controversies
      4. Bach’s Passion Music
      5. Educating the Choristers
      6. Choir Repertoire
      7. Hugh Blair
        1. The Robert Hope-Jones Organ
      8. Hugh Blair’s Resignation
      9. Untitled SECTION
    1. 10. The Earlier Twentieth Century and Two World Wars (1900–50)
      1. The First World War
      2. Developments between the Wars
      3. The Second World War
      4. The Late 1940s
      5. Untitled SECTION
    1. Postscript
      1. Untitled SECTION
    1. Abbreviations
    1. Bibliography
    1. Index
    1. Untitled BODY
    1. Untitled BODY
    1. Untitled BODY
    1. Untitled BODY
    1. Untitled BODY
      1. Contents
      2. Landmarks

Images

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Musical manuscript for a Latin liturgical chant. Features traditional neumes and modern notation on a four-line staff. The text reads 'Posuisti Domum super sanctum tabernaculum', a reference to the sacred dwelling, possibly used in medieval mass settings. N/A N/A ch01.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container023]/184/2[Container018]/2) N/A
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A floor plan of a monastic church indicating another processional route, passing through the cemetery and returning to the quire. N/A N/A ch01.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container023]/268/2[Container021]/2) N/A
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A musical score for the Latin hymn 'Eia ergo,' arranged for treble, meane, tenor, contratenor, and bass voices. N/A N/A ch02.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container030]/220/2[Container029]/2) N/A
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Sheet music featuring two staves with detailed notations, showing a harmonised composition in a traditional baroque style. The piece demonstrates complex polyphonic textures and dynamic modulations. N/A N/A ch04.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container040]/30/2[Container035]/2) N/A
An engraving of a Gothic organ loft, intricately detailed, showcasing pointed arches, decorative carvings, and a majestic organ set within a cathedral interior. N/A N/A ch04.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container040]/68/2[Container036]/2) N/A
A close-up photograph of elaborately carved wooden panelling, adorned with floral and heraldic motifs. The craftsmanship is highly detailed, showcasing elements of Tudor or Jacobean style. N/A N/A ch04.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container040]/78/2[Container037]/2) N/A
Sheet music with lyrics and notations reading 'Let me never be confounded,' arranged in a four-part harmony, demonstrating intricate counterpoint in a classical style. N/A N/A ch04.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container040]/86/2[Container038]/2) N/A
A handwritten letter dated 4th March 1638, written in old English script, signed by Thomas Tomkins, organist of Worcester Cathedral. The letter is neatly penned on aged, yellowed paper, discussing musical and clerical matters. N/A N/A ch04.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container040]/108/2[Container039]/2) N/A
An 18th-century engraving of Worcester Cathedral's exterior, showcasing its Gothic architecture from a northern perspective. Below, a detailed floor plan of the cathedral with marked sections and an ornate coat of arms is displayed. N/A N/A ch05.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container043]/58/2[Container042]/2) N/A
A detailed interior engraving of Worcester Cathedral's choir, depicting its Gothic vaulted ceiling, intricate wood carvings, and the grand organ in the background. Two figures in period dress are shown standing near the choir stalls. N/A N/A ch06.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container050]/20/2[Container045]/2) N/A
Musical score of a hymn with clear notation for SATB (Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass) vocal arrangement. Lyrics include the phrase 'Unto him that hath loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood.' Structured in a lyrical and devotional choral style. N/A N/A ch06.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container050]/46/2[Container046]/2) N/A
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A close-up of an illuminated manuscript with handwritten music and lyrics in an elegant script, titled 'Quier' and featuring the phrase 'We beseech thee to hear us good Lord'. N/A N/A ch06.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container050]/110/2[Container048]/2) N/A
Musical score for a choral piece featuring four vocal parts (Meane, Tenor, Bass) and an organ accompaniment. The text 'The folds shall be full of sheep, the valleys also, so thick with corn that they shall laugh and sing' is set to a melody with complex polyphony, typical of Renaissance sacred music. N/A N/A ch06.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container050]/124/2[Container049]/2) N/A
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A black and white engraved illustration of an altar within a gothic cathedral, featuring ornate detailing and religious chalices on a draped table. N/A N/A ch08.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container062]/58/2[Container057]/2) N/A
A ledger page from 1842 with handwritten records of musical pieces and choral arrangements scheduled for daily church services. N/A N/A ch08.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container062]/78/2[Container058]/2) N/A
A printed sheet of music with the lyrics 'May the grace of Christ our Saviour', including harmony parts for treble voices and organ. N/A N/A ch08.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container062]/90/2[Container059]/2) N/A
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A historical black and white engraving of Worcester Cathedral's nave, showcasing gothic arches and an organ at the far end. N/A N/A ch09.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container070]/28/2[Container064]/2) N/A
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A vintage menu and timetable from a choir trip, written in decorative script, listing meals such as breakfast, luncheon, and tea, as well as detailed schedules for the day's events, including visits to Exeter Cathedral and other local attractions. N/A N/A ch10.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container077]/40/2[Container072]/2) N/A
A collection of music scores from composers such as J.S. Bach and Louis Spohr, displayed on a wooden table. One open score is inscribed, noting a musical examination award in 1910 from the Worcester Cathedral Voluntary Choir. N/A N/A ch10.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container077]/52/2[Container073]/2) N/A
A musical score featuring a 15th-century carol melody, with harmony and English lyrics. The sheet music displays the stave, notes, and lyrics in a traditional format. N/A N/A ch10.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container077]/84/2[Container074]/2) N/A
A staged nativity play with participants dressed in elaborate period costumes. The group includes figures representing the Three Wise Men, Mary, and Joseph, standing before a dark theatrical backdrop. N/A N/A ch10.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container077]/106/2[Container075]/2) N/A
A group of boys in early 20th-century school uniforms, standing outdoors in a line. They wear dark suits and mortarboard caps, with trees and a historic building visible in the background. N/A N/A ch10.xhtml#epubcfi(/4[Newsholme-0437-EPUB]/2[Container077]/126/2[Container076]/2) N/A
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Back cover of Music, Religion and Politics at Worcester Cathedral, 680–1950 N/A N/A back-cover.xhtml#epubcfi(/4/2/2) N/A